Protecting your computer from viruses and malware is key to keeping your data safe and your computer running. 威胁总是在变化，所以你需要积极主动. 下面是如何做到这一点.
了解病毒和恶意软件
Before we get started, let’s define viruses and malware and how they can affect your computer.
什么是病毒?
A virus is a type of malicious software that attaches itself to legitimate programs or files. 当这些程序运行时, 病毒可以传播到其他文件, 破坏数据, 窃取信息, 或者对你的电脑造成伤害. 病毒通过受感染的电子邮件附件传播, 从可疑网站甚至USB驱动器下载.
什么是恶意软件?
Malware is a broader term that includes viruses but also other types of harmful software like ransomware, 间谍软件, 广告软件和木马. Each type of malware has its own way of infecting your computer and causing damage, from stealing your sensitive information to locking you out of your system entirely.
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如何保护你的电脑
你可以采取几个步骤来阻止病毒和恶意软件. These are a combination of prevention and regular maintenance to keep your system safe.
1. 安装和更新防病毒软件
Antivirus software is your first defense against viruses and malware. This software detects and removes malicious software before it can do harm.
- 选择好的软件:选择以全面著称的防病毒程序.
- 保持更新: Update your antivirus software regularly to stay protected against the latest threats.
Most antivirus software has automatic updates, which should be enabled to stay protected.
2. 开启防火墙
防火墙是你的电脑和互联网之间的屏障. It monitors incoming and outgoing traffic and blocks suspicious activity.
- 使用内置防火墙大多数操作系统(Windows和macOS)都有内置防火墙. 确保它们被正确地启用和配置.
- 考虑硬件防火墙: For extra protection especially in a business environment a hardware firewall can add an extra layer of security.
3. 更新你的操作系统和软件
Software developers release updates to fix security holes in their products. Keeping your operating system and applications up to date is key to being secure.
- 启用自动更新: Let your operating system and essential software update automatically. 这样，您将始终拥有最新的安全补丁.
- 手动检查更新: Occasionally check for updates to make sure nothing is missed especially for critical software like your web browser and email client.
4. 小心电子邮件的附件和链接
电子邮件是病毒和恶意软件传播的常见途径. Being careful what you open and click on can prevent many infections.
- 不要打开未经请求的附件: Don’t open email attachments from unknown senders, as they could contain malicious software.
- 点击前悬停:将鼠标悬停在链接上，在单击之前可以看到实际的URL. If it looks suspicious or doesn’t match the sender’s domain, don’t click it.
5. 使用强密码和2FA
密码是保护账户和数据的第一道防线. 使用强大的、唯一的密码和2FA可以产生很大的不同.
- 创建强密码: Use a mix of letters, numbers and special characters in your passwords. Don’t use easily guessable information like birthdays or common words.
- 使2足总:只要可能，启用2FA. This adds an extra layer of security by requiring a second form of verification, 比如发送到你手机上的密码, 除了你的密码.
6. 备份数据
即使采取了所有的预防措施，也没有一个系统能100%免受攻击. Backups ensure you can recover your data if your computer gets compromised.
- 外部驱动器或云服务: Back up your important files to an external drive or a secure cloud service.
- 自动备份: Set up automatic backups so your data is always protected without having to remember to do it manually.
7. 不要从不可信的来源下载
One of the easiest way for malware to get into your system is through downloading files or programs from untrusted sources.
- 从信誉良好的网站下载:从知名网站或官方应用商店下载软件.
- 小心使用自由软件: Free downloads can come with unwanted extras like adware or 间谍软件.
Always read the terms and conditions and opt out of any additional software installations.
8. 了解网络钓鱼诈骗
Phishing scams trick you into providing personal information like passwords or credit card numbers by pretending to be a legitimate entity.
- 学会识别网络钓鱼: Phishing emails often look legitimate but have subtle errors like misspellings, 语法错误或不正确的url.
- 使用反网络钓鱼工具: Many antivirus programs and web browsers have tools that can detect and block phishing attempts. 启用这些功能以获得额外的保护.
如果你的电脑被感染了怎么办
即使采取了所有预防措施，感染仍然可能发生. Knowing what to do if your computer is infected is key to minimizing the damage.
1. 断开与互联网的连接
If you think your computer is infected, disconnect it from the internet immediately. This will prevent the malware from spreading to other devices or sending data back to the attacker.
2. 运行完整扫描
Perform a comprehensive scan with your antivirus software to identify and remove any malicious software.
3. 从备份恢复
If the infection has caused a lot of damage, you may need to restore from backup. This will wipe the infected system and replace it with a clean copy of your data.
4. 寻求专业帮助
If the problem persists or you’re not sure what to do, get professional help. A computer technician can remove stubborn malware and get your system back to normal.
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结论
Protecting your computer from viruses and malware requires a combination of awareness, 良好的实践, 以及正确的工具. By following these steps, you can minimize the risk of infection and keep your personal data safe. Stay informed about the latest threats and keep your defenses up-to-date.
常见问题
1. 我应该多久更新一次杀毒软件?
尽可能经常. Most programs offer automatic updates, which should be enabled to stay protected.
2. 打开电子邮件附件安全吗?
Only open email attachments are available if you know who the sender is and what the attachment is for. 如果不确定，请删除该邮件.
3. 我如何备份我的数据?
Using a combination of external drives and secure cloud services is the best way to back up your data. 自动备份这些额外的保护.
4. 我如何知道从一个网站下载是否安全?
Look for HTTPS in the URL and download from reputable sources or official app stores.
5. 我的电脑感染了病毒，我该怎么办?
Disconnect from the internet, run a full scan, and restore from backup if needed. 如果问题仍然存在，请寻求专业帮助.
